The purpose of the course is the critical understanding of the subject of modern Medical Imaging, as an essential integral part of Precision Medicine involving diagnosis, evaluation of treatment response and prediction to individualized treatment. In the context of the course, students will understand the role of Medical Imaging in Personalized Medicine, including all its aspects, such as diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Modern imaging modalities (anatomical and functional) and their clinical application are presented in detail. Emphasis is placed on understanding the role of Medical Imaging in the diagnostic approach of patients as well as the prevention of diseases in healthy populations and high-risk patient groups. In addition, emphasis is also placed on the modern applications of interventional radiology both in diagnosis and in patients’ treatment. At the same time, the course aims to acquaint the student with the procedures for extracting imaging biomarkers [radiomics] from the entire range of imaging techniques and their correlation with gene expression [radiogenomics]. Finally, the role of imaging methods, results, and biomarkers in the decision of proper treatment, the evaluation of treatment response as well as timely recognition of potential complications.