The course aim is the critical understanding of the subject of Molecular Pathological Anatomy. In the course’s context, postgraduate students are asked to understand the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of diseases, with an emphasis on cancer's molecular pathogenesis. The numerous, basic molecular pathways that contribute to the malignant transformation of cells, the development and progression of carcinogenesis, as well as the individual elements that contribute to the reversal and control of cancer are analyzed. Special emphasis is given to the recent developments in the analysis and sub-typing of tumors, based on their molecular profile in the individual systems. At the same time, the course aims to familiarize the postgraduate student with the concept of prognostic and predictive biomarkers, checked in the context of the histopathological and molecular analysis of tumors and the therapeutic treatment of various types of cancer. Finally, emphasis is placed on the overall understanding of modern approaches to diagnosis and a targeted, personalized therapeutic approach to the disease.