The purpose of the course is the critical understanding of the subject of Molecular Diagnostics and the contribution of Biomarkers. This course consists of an introduction to Molecular Diagnostics aiming at the same time to familiarize the student with the concepts and categories of biomarkers as well as the approaches and technologies for their discovery. In addition, established methodologies in Molecular Diagnostics and emerging technologies (Metabolomics, Liquid Biopsies-Cell Free DNA, Exosomes) are described. Finally, basic examples of biomarkers in health and specific examples of Biomarkers and Molecular Diagnostics in the research and clinical practice of Cancer, Diabetes and Neurological diseases as well as in drug development and pharmacotoxicology assessment are analyzed.